Recent advancements in modifications of metal-organic frameworks-based materials for enhanced water purification and contaminant detection.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a key focus in water treatment and monitoring due to their unique structural features, including extensive surface area, customizable porosity, reversible adsorption, and high catalytic efficiency. While numerous reviews have discussed MOFs in environmental remediation, this review specifically addresses recent advancements in modifying MOFs to enhance their effectiveness in water purification and monitoring. It underscores their roles as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and in luminescent and electrochemical sensing. Advancements such as pore modification, defect engineering, and functionalization, combined synergistically with advanced materials, have led to the development of recyclable MOF-based nano-adsorbents, Z-scheme photocatalytic systems, nanocomposites, and hybrid materials. These innovations have broadened the spectrum of removable contaminants and improved material recyclability. Additionally, this review delves into the creation of multifunctional MOF materials, the development of robust MOF variants, and the simplification of synthesis methods, marking significant progress in MOF sensor technology. Furthermore, the review addresses current challenges in this field and proposes potential future research directions and practical applications. The growing research interest in MOFs underscores the need for an updated synthesis of knowledge in this area, focusing on both current challenges and future opportunities in water remediation.

Histoplasma capsulatum as a cause for prolonged pulmonary illness in an immunocompetent returning traveller from Bangladesh.

Fungal infections can be challenging to diagnose in returning travellers due to their non-specific clinical manifestations and changing epidemiology. We present a case of progressive disseminated histoplasmosis in a returning traveller from Bangladesh. The patient had a progressive and prolonged respiratory illness necessitating mechanical ventilatory support. The clue to potential fungal aetiology was provided by serum fungal markers - 1-3-ß-D-glucan and Aspergillus galactomannan. Diagnosis was eventually made using panfungal PCR on bronchioalveolar lavage fluid.

Collaborative robots (cobots) for disaster risk resilience: a framework for swarm of snake robots in delivering first aid in emergency situations.

Cobots are robots that are built for human-robot collaboration (HRC) in a shared environment. In the aftermath of disasters, cobots can cooperate with humans to mitigate risks and increase the possibility of rescuing people in distress. This study examines the resilient and dynamic synergy between a swarm of snake robots, first responders and people to be rescued. The possibility of delivering first aid to potential victims dispersed around a disaster environment is implemented. In the HRC simulation framework presented in this study, the first responder initially deploys a UAV, swarm of snake robots and emergency items. The UAV provides the first responder with the site planimetry, which includes the layout of the area, as well as the precise locations of the individuals in need of rescue and the aiding goods to be delivered. Each individual snake robot in the swarm is then assigned a victim. Subsequently an optimal path is determined by each snake robot using the A* algorithm, to approach and reach its respective target while avoiding obstacles. By using their prehensile capabilities, each snake robot adeptly grasps the aiding object to be dispatched. The snake robots successively arrive at the delivering location near the victim, following their optimal paths, and proceed to release the items. To demonstrate the potential of the framework, several case studies are outlined concerning the execution of operations that combine locomotion, obstacle avoidance, grasping and deploying. The Coppelia-Sim Robotic Simulator is utilised for this framework. The analysis of the motion of the snake robots on the path show highly accurate movement with and without the emergency item. This study is a step towards a holistic semi-autonomous search and rescue operation.

The effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 on the outcomes of tooth replantation: A systematic review of animal studies.

Background/Aim: The ideal treatment of tooth avulsion is replantation. However, replanting teeth may lead to root resorption. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a cytokine that plays an important role in wound repair and tissue regeneration. Recently, FGF-2 has been studied a potential regenerative agent to prevent root resorption and ankylosis. The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the currently available literature focusing on using FGF-2 based regenerative modalities to improve the outcomes of tooth replantation. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms "Basic fibroblast growth factor," "Fibroblast growth factor-2," "tooth replantation," and "replantation" for studies published between January 2001 and June 2021. Data was extracted and quality assessment was carried using the ARRIVE guidelines. Results: Nine animal studies were included in this review. In six studies, FGF-2 had a favorable effect on the tissue regeneration around roots of replanted teeth when compared to other treatment groups. However, quality assessment of the studies revealed many sources of bias and deficiencies in the studies. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that FGF-2 may improve the outcomes of delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. However, more long-term animal studies, with improved experimental designs, and clinical trials are required to determine the clinical potential of the growth factor in improving the outcomes of delayed tooth replantation.

Source Localization of Normal Variants Seen on EEG.

PURPOSE: The EEG is an essential neurological diagnostic tool. EEG abnormalities can guide diagnosis and management of epilepsy. There are also distinctive EEG waveforms that are seen in healthy individuals. It is critical not to misinterpret these as abnormal. To emphasize the importance of these waveforms, we analyzed different normal variants via the source localization technology. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of EEGs performed at the Duke University Hospital between June 2014 and Dec 2019. We selected samples of vertex waves, Mu, lambda, POSTS, wickets, and sleep spindles for analysis. EEG were imported to Curry 8 (Compumedics) to calculate the dipole and current density. The averaged head model from the Montreal Neurological Institute database was used for reconstruction. RESULTS: Thirty-four patient EEG samples were selected including five vertex, six Mu, four wicket, seven lambda, five POSTS, and seven spindles. Results from source localization showed that vertex waves are localized in the frontocentral area, whereas spindles in the deep midline central region. Mu were identified in the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex. Lambda and POSTS, on the other hand, had maximum results over the bilateral occipital region and wickets in the ipsilateral temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm and expand previous hypotheses. This allows us to speculate on the origin of these normal EEG variants. Although this study is limited by small sample size, lack of high-density EEG, and patient-specific MRI, our analysis provides an easily replicable three-dimensional visualization of these waveforms.

Socioeconomic Disparities in Anal Cancer: Effect on Treatment Delay and Survival.

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequities have implications in access to health care and may be associated with disparities in treatment and survival. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of socioeconomic inequities on time to treatment and survival of anal squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN: This is a retrospective study using a nationwide dataset. SETTINGS: The patients were selected from National Cancer Database enrolled from 2004 to 2016. PATIENTS: We identified patient with stage I-III squamous cell carcinoma of anus who were treated with chemoradiation. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Socioeconomic factors, including race, insurance status, median household income, and percentage of no high school degrees were included. The association of these factors with treatment delay and overall survival were investigated. RESULTS: A total of 24,143 patients who underwent treatment for Grade I-III squamous cell carcinoma of anus were identified. Median age was 60 years and 70% were female. The median time to initiation of treatment was 33 days. Patients from zip codes with lower median income, higher percentage of no high school degree, and patients with other government insurance followed by Medicaid insurance had treatment initiated after 60 days from diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the late treatment group had worse overall survival compared to early treatment group (98 vs 125 months; p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: No detailed information about chemoradiotherapy regimen, completion of treatment, recurrence, disease free survival and individual level socioeconomic condition and risk factors. CONCLUSION: Patients from communities with lower median income, level of education, and enrolled in public insurance had longer time to treatment. Lower socioeconomic status was also associated with poorer overall survival. These results warrant further analysis and measures to improve access to care to address this disparity. See Video Abstract.

Chromatographic authentication of botanical origin: Herbaceous pollen profiling with HPLC, HPTLC and GC-MS analysis.

This study describes a robust chromatographic authentication methodology for herbaceous pollen, employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin liquid chromatography (HPTLC) protocols. The comprehensive profiling of organic compounds not only distinguishes between different botanical sources but also establishes a reliable framework for quality control and assessment of herbaceous pollen authenticity. Traces of quercetin were detectable using HPTLC in Chaenomeles japonica, and the composition of the mobile phase led to distinct phenolic acid tracks in the extracts of free phenolic compounds. In Lonicera nummulariifolia, prominent chlorogenic acid signal and traces of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were identified, along with the presence of vanillic, trans-ferulic, p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic and sinapic as phenolic acid standards. The HPLC chromatogram identified six peaks representing bioactive phenolic compounds such as gallic acid measuring 5.89 ± 0.56 mg g-1 , hydroxybenzoic acid 2.39 ± 0.78 mg g-1 and caffeic acid 2.83 ± 0.11 mg g-1 . The combined use of GC-MS, HPTLC and HPLC techniques provides a powerful and reliable means of authenticating the botanical origin of herbaceous pollen, offering valuable insights for quality control and ensuring the accuracy of botanical source identification.

The role of chest computed tomography in the evaluation and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to compile recent data on the clinical associations of computed tomography (CT) scan findings in the literature and potential avenues for implementation into clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Airways dysanapsis, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary vascular metrics have all recently been associated with poor chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes when controlled for clinically relevant covariables, including risk of mortality in the case of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Other authors suggest that CT scan may provide insight into both lung parenchymal damage and other clinically important comorbidities in COPD. SUMMARY: CT scan findings in COPD relate to clinical outcomes. There is a continued need to develop processes to best implement the results of these studies into clinical practice.

Attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of dentists and dental students toward artificial intelligence: a systematic review.

Objectives: This research was aimed at assessing comprehension, attitudes, and perspectives regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry. The null hypothesis was a lack of foundational understanding of AI in dentistry. Methods: This systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in May 2023. The eligibility criteria included cross-sectional studies published in English until July 2023, focusing solely on dentists or dental students. Data on AI knowledge, use, and perceptions were extracted and assessed for bias risk with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: Of 408 publications, 22 relevant articles were identified, and 13 studies were included in the review. The average basic AI knowledge score was 58.62 % among dental students and 71.75 % among dentists. More dental students (72.01 %) than dentists (62.60 %) believed in AI's potential for advancing dentistry. Conclusions: Thorough AI instruction in dental schools and continuing education programs for practitioners are urgently needed to maximize AI's potential benefits in dentistry. An integrated PhD program could drive revolutionary discoveries and improve patient care globally. Embracing AI with informed understanding and training will position dental professionals at the forefront of technological advancements in the field.

Adaptive functioning and neurodevelopment in patients with Dravet syndrome: 12-month interim analysis of the BUTTERFLY observational study.

OBJECTIVE: The BUTTERFLY observational study aims to elucidate the natural trajectory of Dravet syndrome (DS) and associated comorbidities in order to establish a baseline for clinical therapies. We present the 12-month interim analysis of the study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of DS were enrolled in the study. Adaptive functioning and neurodevelopmental status were measured using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Third Edition (Vineland-III), Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (BSID-III), and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Fourth Edition (WPPSI-IV). Executive function, ambulatory function and locomotor activities, and overall clinical status were measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) scale, Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (Gillette FAQ), and Clinician or Caregiver Global Impression of Change scales (CGI-C or CaGI-C) respectively. RESULTS: Overall, 36 patients were enrolled across three age groups, with 35 patients completing at least part or all of one post-baseline visit through Month 12. Significant improvements in receptive communication, as assessed by Vineland-III and BSID-III raw scores, and in verbal comprehension subtests, as assessed by WPPSI-IV raw scores, were observed in BUTTERFLY patients for the all-patient group. Many patients performed on the impaired end of the BRIEF-P Global Executive Composite scale at baseline suggesting difficulties in executive function, and no significant change was observed in BRIEF-P scores for the all-patient group. Most patients performed in the dynamic range of the Gillette FAQ at baseline, and no significant change was observed in Gillette FAQ scores for the all-patient group. Lastly, there was significant improvement observed in the CaGI-C scores for the all-patient group. SIGNIFICANCE: This BUTTERFLY interim analysis shows small improvements in communication skills along with stability in other developmental abilities across patients with DS enrolled in the study from baseline to Month 12.

Comprehensive study of allergenic tree species: Palynological insights enhanced by HPLC and GC-MS profiling.

Considering the limited data available on tree species in Uzbekistan, this research aimed to provide new insights. We gathered plant samples from different locations within Samarkand city and thoughtfully selected 15 tree species that represent the country's flora. Using scanning electron microscopy, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pollen morphology, revealing a diverse range of variations in the shapes, dimensions, and surface characteristics displayed by pollen grains. Distinct ornamentations such as micro-echinate, reticulate, rugulate, gemmate-verrucate, and verrucate-scabrate patterns facilitated the differentiation of species. These scanning electron microscopy findings enhance our comprehension of tree species diversity, adaptation, and ecological roles. In addition, leaf extracts were analyzed using HPLC and GC-MS, revealing a plethora of bioactive compounds, including catechins, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, and others. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of seven key compounds, including 1-hexadecyne, 2-chloroethanol, 1,6-heptadiene, 2-methyl-, 5-bromoadamantan-2-one, ethyl 3-(3-pyridyl) propenoate, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and quercetin. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of this method in assessing the quality of leaf extracts from tree species by examining both microscopic characteristics and chemical composition. This multifaceted approach has deepened our understanding of the characteristics and chemical compositions of these trees, thus contributing to a more profound appreciation of their ecological significance and potential applications.

Construction of Host Plant Insect-Resistance Mutant Library by High-Throughput CRISPR/Cas9 System and Identification of A Broad-Spectrum Insect Resistance Gene.

Insects pose significant challenges in cotton-producing regions. Here, they describe a high-throughput CRISPR/Cas9-mediated large-scale mutagenesis library targeting endogenous insect-resistance-related genes in cotton. This library targeted 502 previously identified genes using 968 sgRNAs, generated ≈2000 T0 plants and achieved 97.29% genome editing with efficient heredity, reaching upto 84.78%. Several potential resistance-related mutants (10% of 200 lines) their identified that may contribute to cotton-insect molecular interaction. Among these, they selected 139 and 144 lines showing decreased resistance to pest infestation and targeting major latex-like protein 423 (GhMLP423) for in-depth study. Overexpression of GhMLP423 enhanced insect resistance by activating the plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR) of salicylic acid (SA) and pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. This activation is induced by an elevation of cytosolic calcium [Ca2+ ]cyt flux eliciting reactive oxygen species (ROS), which their demoted in GhMLP423 knockout (CR) plants. Protein-protein interaction assays revealed that GhMLP423 interacted with a human epidermal growth factor receptor substrate15 (EPS15) protein at the cell membrane. Together, they regulated the systemically propagating waves of Ca2+ and ROS, which in turn induced SAR. Collectively, this large-scale mutagenesis library provides an efficient strategy for functional genomics research of polyploid plant species and serves as a solid platform for genetic engineering of insect resistance.

Micrometer insights into Nepeta genus: Pollen micromorphology unveiled.

This study provides a comprehensive pollen micromorphology within the Nepeta genus, revealing intricate details about the pollen grains' structure and characteristics. The findings shed light on the evolutionary and taxonomical aspects of this plant genus, offering valuable insights for botanists and researchers studying Nepeta species. The pollen grains of 18 Nepeta species were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM) in Northern Pakistan. At the microscale, pollen quantitative measurements, qualitative traits, and diverse sculpturing patterns were reported and compared. Significant differences in pollen size, shape, ornamentation, and sculpturing patterns were discovered among the Nepeta species. Our data show that exine sculpturing is quite diverse, with most species exhibiting a reticulate perforate pollen pattern. Nepeta connata, Nepeta discolor, Nepeta elliptica, revealed a distinct bireticulate perforate exine stratification. Hexazonocolpate pollen is the most common. Furthermore, the surface membrane attributes of the colpus varied greatly, ranging from rough, scabrate, psilate, to sinuate patterns. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to discover the key factors influencing pollen diversity. PCA results showed that polar and equatorial diameters, colpi size, and exine thickness were the most influential pollen features between Nepeta species. This study adds to our understanding of pollen morphology in the Nepeta genus, offering information on the vast range of characteristics found in this economically important group. The extensive characterization of pollen features provides useful insights for the categorization and differentiation of Nepeta species, adding to the Lamiaceae micromorphology.

The local medicinal plant knowledge in Kashmir Western Himalaya: a way to foster ecological transition via community-centred health seeking strategies.

BACKGROUND: The mountainous region of Kashmir is a biodiversity hotspot, with diverse local communities and a rich cultural history linked to nature. Mountain ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change. This study emphasises the need to record the indigenous ethnoecological knowledge of wild plants used for the treatment of various ailments at higher elevations in remote areas where globalisation poses a threat to this traditional knowledge. METHODS: The field survey was carried out in 2020-2022, to collect data on wild medicinal plants. Informants were selected randomly to collect indigenous medicinal knowledge using semi-structured interviews and group discussions. Various quantitative indices were employed to evaluate ethnomedicinal data. RESULTS: A total of 110 medicinal plants belonging to 49 families were recorded in the study area. These medicinal plants are extensively used by local communities for the treatment of 20 major disease categories. Asteraceae was the dominant family contributing (9.09%) to medicinal plants, followed by Polygonaceae (8.18%), Apiaceae (7.27%), Lamiaceae (5.45%), and Ranunculaceae (5.45%). We observed 166 remedies were used for the treatment of various diseases in humans, and 9 remedies were used for animals. The most frequently used medicinal remedy was tea or decoction (30.91%). Among the medicinal plants, herbs (85.5%) were most frequently used by the local populations of Kashmir, whereas leaves (10.26%) were used for the treatment of various ailments. Out of 110 species, 31 were endemic, 15 of which are endemic to the Kashmir region and 16 to the Western Himalaya. The highest RFC value was reported for Allium humile (0.77), the highest UV value for Fritillaria cirrhosa (1.33), and the highest ICF value for gastro-intestinal/digestive disorders (0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Local communities still rely on wild medicinal plants for primary healthcare. These communities retained valuable indigenous knowledge, which needs to be preserved for the conservation and sustainable utilisation of natural resources. Further field exploration is required to fully explore indigenous knowledge in the mountainous regions of Kashmir, and this knowledge has the potential to support the ongoing ecological transition.

Research progress in the role and mechanism of Leucine in regulating animal growth and development.

Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is essential in regulating animal growth and development. Recent research has uncovered the mechanisms underlying Leucine's anabolic effects on muscle and other tissues, including its ability to stimulate protein synthesis by activating the mTORC1 signaling pathway. The co-ingestion of carbohydrates and essential amino acids enhances Leucine's anabolic effects. Moreover, Leucine has been shown to benefit lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity, making it a promising strategy for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. While emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate Leucine's effects on growth and development, more research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms of action fully. Specific studies have demonstrated that Leucine promotes muscle growth and metabolic health in animals and humans, making it a promising therapeutic agent. However, it is essential to note that Leucine supplementation may cause digestive issues or interact with certain medications, and More study is required to determine definitively optimal dosages. Therefore, it is important to understand how Leucine interacts with other nutrients, dietary factors, and lifestyle habits to maximize its benefits. Overall, Leucine's importance in human nutrition is far-reaching, and its potential to prevent muscle loss and enhance athletic performance warrants further investigation.

Assessing the potential of GHG emissions for the textile sector: A baseline study.

The carbon footprint (CFP) is a measure of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted throughout the lifecycle of a product or activity, while the energy footprint (EFP) and water footprint (WFP) measure energy and water consumption, respectively. These footprints are essential for managing emissions and consumption and promoting low-carbon consumption. A carbon labeling scheme could help consumers make informed choices. Asia is a major textile producer and consumer, so studying textiles' carbon, energy, and water footprints is essential for managing domestic emissions, energy and water consumption, and international trade negotiations. This paper presents a method and framework for assessing CFP, EFP, and WFP at the product level and calculates the footprints for textile products. The results show that the total CFP of all textile products produced is 42,624.12 MT CO2e, with indirect emissions contributing significantly more than direct emissions. The total EFP is 248.38 PJ, with electricity consumption being the main contributor, while the total WFP is 80.71 billion liters. The spinning stage of production has the highest CFP and EFP, and energy consumption is the main contributor to all footprints. These results can help compare different products and reduce the footprints of the textile sector.

Burnout level in Pakistani dentists during COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional national study.

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence and degree of Burnout during the COVID 19 pandemic in practicing Pakistani dentists. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted dental practices worldwide, leading to increased stress and burnout among dental practitioners. Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, can have detrimental effects on the quality of care and patient safety. Previous studies have shown high rates of burnout among healthcare workers, including dentists. The pandemic has added new challenges, such as financial losses and increased costs due to safety protocols. Recognizing and managing burnout is crucial to mitigate its severe consequences. By understanding the prevalence of burnout in this unique context, strategies can be developed to support dental practitioners and improve their well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a 22-items based validated Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study was conducted between July and September 2021. Practicing dentists across Pakistan were approached via social media platforms. The questions were answered on a 7-point Likert scale. The sums of the scores were used as the evaluation criteria. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24. Shapiro Wilk test was used to check normality of data. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were utilized to analyze the differences in the prevalence of burnout amongst the different demographic groups. A P-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Total of 282 dentists responded with 116 (41.1 %) male and 166 (58.9 %) female. Majority of the respondents were postgraduate residents (24.8 %), 47.9 % of the practitioners had 0-3 years of work experience, 48.6 % of the respondents were practicing in the Federal region, and 62.8 % of the subjects were between the age of 25-34. Emotional exhaustion was the major dimension of burnout identified in our study with 47.5 % of the population reporting high levels, while only 23 % of the population showed high levels of depersonalization and 29.4 % showed low sense of personal accomplishment. Conclusion: This study indicates a considerable percentage of burnout in the chosen sample. The mean scores of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Diminished sense of personal accomplishment were all found to be in the moderate range, and that appropriate measures should be taken to manage it.

Biotechnology and Solutions: Insect-Pest-Resistance Management for Improvement and Development of Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.) is a major origin of natural fiber, and is projected at 117 million bales worldwide for 2021/22. A variety of biotic and abiotic stresses have considerable negative impacts on cotton. The significantly decreased applications of chemical insecticidal sprays in the agro-ecosystem have greatly affected the biodiversity and dynamics of primary and secondary insects. Various control measures were taken around the globe to increase production costs. Temperature, drought, and salinity, and biotic stresses such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, insects, and mites cause substantial losses to cotton crops. Here, we summarize a number of biotic and abiotic stresses upsetting Bt cotton crop with present and future biotechnology solution strategies that include a refuge strategy, multi-gene pyramiding, the release of sterile insects, seed mixing, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, biotic signaling, and the use of bioagents. Surveillance of insect resistance, monitoring of grower compliance, and implementation of remedial actions can lead to the sustainable use of cotton across the globe.